Orca vs Great White: Who Would Win in a Fight?
The orca (killer whale) and the great white shark are two of the ocean’s most formidable apex predators. Both are large, powerful hunters with fearsome reputations. But how would they fare in a face-off against one another? Which would prevail as the dominant killer of the seas?
Let’s take a detailed look at both animals and analyze the key factors that might determine the outcome.
Size and Strength
- Orcas – The largest orca on record measured 32 feet long and weighed 22,000 pounds (10 tons). On average, though, male orcas grow to around 20-26 feet and 8,000-13,200 pounds (4-6 tons). Females reach 16-23 feet and 6,500-12,500 pounds (3-6 tons).
- Great Whites – Great whites typically measure 11-16 feet (3.4-4.9 m) long and weigh 1,500-4,000 pounds (0.75-2 tons). The largest great white ever reliably measured was a female named Deep Blue that was estimated to be over 20 feet (6.1 m) long and likely weighed over 4,400 lbs (2.2 tons).
So, in terms of sheer size, orcas have the advantage of both length and weight. The largest male orcas can reach weights of over 13,000 pounds – three times heavier than even giant great white sharks like Deep Blue at just over 4,000 pounds. When it comes to strength, orcas possess enormous power with their large, muscular physiques plus the devastating force of their fluked tails. Great whites have extreme strength concentrated in sudden rapid bursts to ambush prey. But for prolonged confrontations, the orca’s size and endurance would likely overpower the shark.
Edge: Orcas have the overall size and strength advantage, with males considerably heavier than even record-setting great white specimens. Both possess extreme power and devastating bite forces, however.
Weaponry
- Orcas – Powerful jaws filled with 18-24 large conical teeth. Their bite force has not been officially measured but is estimated to be around 19,000 psi– similar to that of saltwater crocodiles. They can use their teeth and long snout to deliver both holding and tearing bites.
- Great Whites – Equally powerful jaws, armed with serrated triangular teeth in multiple rows. Bite force estimated over 4,000 psi, able to tear off large chunks of flesh easily. Their teeth are used to grip prey while also serving as serrated knives to slice through blubber and fat.
In terms of teeth and jaws, both species possess deadly weaponry. Orcas may have a slight edge with their conical teeth, allowing for holding bites in addition to tearing and slashing. But great white teeth are also extremely formidable – specialized for sawing into fat and flesh.
Edge: The weaponry is evenly matched in terms of sheer jaw and tooth power. But orcas have the advantage of using both holding and tearing bites thanks to their large, conical teeth. Both possess extremely formidable bites, just with slightly different specializations.
Hunting Abilities
- Orcas – Hunt in deadly pods of up to 40 individuals. Exceptional communal hunters and strategists. Use teamwork and techniques like waves, walling, bullying, and carousel feeding to subdue dangerous prey, including whale species much larger than themselves. Have diverse diets indicating the ability to develop sophisticated strategies for different prey. Known to go for sharks’ livers.
- Great Whites – Solitary ambush hunters. Lie in wait, camouflaged, and attack prey with incredible quickness and force. Primarily eat fish, marine mammals, and dead animals – but also known to hunt sea turtles, seabirds, smaller sharks, and even whales much larger than themselves. Have eaten orcas on rare occasions.
In terms of functional hunting ability, orcas have a clear edge due to their exceptionally coordinated pack-hunting strategies. Great whites rely almost purely on quickness, brute force, and the element of surprise. Orcas are also much more willing to include other predators like sharks in their diets – sharks do not normally feed on one another.
Edge: Orcas have far superior hunting and coordination abilities.
Defenses
- Orcas – Possess very few natural predators, but do need to watch for attacks from some large shark species. They rely on their strength in numbers gathered in pods, their large size, and thick protective blubber up to 4 inches thick to defend against threats. There are known cases of orcas working together to flip sharks over to induce a paralyzed state called tonic immobility, rendering them defenseless.
- Great Whites – Also lack most natural predators once fully grown. They avoid predation through their speed, size, camouflaging coloration, and ability to detect predators through an acute sense of smell and electromagnetic reception. Their skin’s denticles help them swim silently, not alerting prey or enemies. They have evolved to be solitary hunters, so they do not usually have strength in numbers when threatened.
Edge: Orcas have a defensive edge due to their blubber, greater size, and tendency to hunt in groups. Great white sharks rely more on camouflage, speed, and stealth when facing threats.
Aggression and Killer Instinct
- Orcas – Possess an exceptionally ruthless killer instinct, even preying on great white sharks and other apex predators. Known to play with prey items violently once caught. More versatile and aggressive hunters – willing to take on animals larger and more dangerous than themselves.
- Great Whites – Also demonstrate a merciless killer attitude. Sometimes viewed as mindless killers – will attack inanimate objects and unusual prey targets like metal cages and boats. However, this likely relates more to curiosity and mistaken identity rather than intentional aggression. They are much less likely to attack an animal as large as an orca, however.
Overall, orcas show greater initiative to include dangerous apex predators like sharks among their prey options. They also play with food aggressively and seem to carry a bit more cold-blooded killer aggression overall.
Edge: Orcas by a small margin.
Intelligence
- Orcas – Possess the second largest brain among marine mammals, weighing up to 15 pounds. Exceptional ability to adapt hunting strategies and behaviors. High emotional intelligence is demonstrated by complex social bonds and group vocalizations. Ability to teach and pass on learned behaviors to younger generations.
- Great Whites – Not well studied. Brain size suggests average to below average intelligence compared to other sharks. Attacks sometimes suggest a lack of discerning threat assessment. But ability to navigate long distances indicates strong spatial intelligence and memory.
Based on brain size and sophisticated pack-hunting tactics requiring coordination and communication, orcas demonstrate greater intelligence. Great whites possess more basic predatory instincts centered around tracking prey.
Edge: Orcas by a significant margin.
Speed and Agility
- Orcas – Can reach speeds up to 35 mph and sustain speeds of 25-30 mph. Very agile and graceful in the water, capable of sudden direction changes and leaps of nearly 20 feet out of the water.
- Great Whites – Maximum burst speed estimated over 35 mph. Can swim steadily at 14 mph. Less nimble than orcas but capable of sudden bursts of acceleration and impressive aerial breaches.
For rapid speed and acceleration in short bursts, great whites hold a slight advantage. But orcas demonstrate greater maneuverability, agility in the water overall, and the ability to sustain faster swimming speeds.
Edge: Great whites in short burst speed. Orcas in sustained speed and agility.
The Clear Evidence that Orcas Have Killed Great White Sharks
The key evidence comes from drone and helicopter footage captured off the coast of South Africa in May 2022. The footage, described in several of the articles, shows a group of orcas aggressively pursuing and attacking great white sharks:
- The video shows two orcas swimming near a great white shark while a third comes up from below and pushes the shark to the surface. Then, one of the orcas bites the shark, creating a pool of blood.
- Additional footage shows orcas chasing and pursuing great whites for over an hour.
- In one clip, an orca emerges from the water with a great white shark, already dead, clenched in its jaws.
The footage enabled scientists to conclusively prove that orcas hunt and kill great whites. Prior to this, there was speculation and some evidence of orca attacks on great whites but no definitive proof.
Outcome – Who Would Win?
Based on these comparisons, orcas hold a notable edge in most categories. Their size, strength, group hunting abilities, intelligence, and aggression give them significant strategic and physical advantages over great whites in any direct confrontation.
Great whites’ only major advantages are in raw speed and acceleration. But it’s unlikely they could prevail in a direct battle – especially against a group of orcas. Records and observed incidents show that great whites typically flee from pods of orcas, often turning over prey items like seal carcasses rather than engaging.
Orcas’ greater size, communal coordination, intelligence, and ruthless killer instinct give them the ability to prey directly on great whites. And they may even view them as tasty meal options based on observed behaviors.
For these reasons, orcas would most likely overpower great whites in any hypothetical match-up. The killer whales solidly claim the title of the dominant apex ocean predator.
Frequently Asked Questions
Would a great white shark ever try to attack an orca?
It’s highly unlikely. To date, there are no reliable documented cases of a great white proactively attacking an orca – even youngsters. Great whites typically avoid confrontations with orcas whenever possible – giving up kills and rapidly swimming away. Overall, great whites acknowledge their place lower on the food chain.
How do orcas hunt great white sharks?
Orcas use coordinated pack-hunting techniques, including trapping sharks near shore, rushing in “wave train” formation, using noise distraction, intimidating them from kills, and violently ramming to wear them down. They then bite vulnerable points like the nutrient-rich liver. Their large size and weight advantage assist in prolonged assaults.
Can orcas live in the same tanks as great whites in captivity?
No, it would be extremely dangerous and ill-advised to house orcas and great whites together in captivity. At marine parks like SeaWorld, different species are safely separated. Putting natural marine adversaries together would likely result in the sharks being intimidated, attacked, or killed by the orcas.